First-principles writing on backend architecture, distributed systems, cloud platforms, and the internals that power modern software.
A production-minded guide to WebSockets covering heartbeats, reconnects, fan-out, and backpressure on long-lived connections.
A message-by-message walkthrough of a TLS 1.3 handshake, from ClientHello to finished secrets and encrypted application data.
A clear mental model of SSL, TLS, and HTTPS, and what actually happens before your browser sends secure HTTP.
A first-principles guide to Server-Sent Events, from the wire format and reconnect behavior to streaming ChatGPT-style responses.
A practical guide to how email really moves through the internet, from SMTP handoff and MX lookups to queues, retries, and inbox trust.
A first-principles walkthrough of HTTP over raw TCP sockets, from request lines and headers to building a simple server from scratch.
A practical mental model of recursive resolvers, authoritative servers, caching, and why DNS 'propagation' is usually cached state in disguise.